Factorial of 229

Counting with 229!

There are 3.3732 × 10^442 different ways to arrange 229 different books on a shelf: 229 choices for the first place, 228 for the second, and so on down to one choice for the last. If you only fill the first three places, as with gold, silver and bronze among 229 runners, there are 229 × 228 × 227 = 11,852,124 possible podiums. If the order does not matter, divide by 3! = 6 to get 1,975,354 ways to choose a group of three. Choosing a pair from 229 people can be done in 26,106 ways.

In probability, if 229 names are drawn out of a hat one at a time, the chance of drawing them in one particular order is 1 in 3.3732 × 10^442. That is why shuffled decks and passwords with many symbols are so hard to guess.

How big is 229!?

229! has 443 digits, so it is larger than the estimated number of atoms in the observable universe (about 10^80). The digits add up to 1701, a multiple of 9, as they are for every factorial from 6! on. Stirling's formula, √(2πn) × (n/e)^n, gives a close estimate without multiplying everything out, and gets more accurate as n grows.

Prime factors of 229!

Every prime up to 229 divides 229!. Legendre's formula counts how often: add ⌊n/p⌋ + ⌊n/p²⌋ + ⌊n/p³⌋ + … for each prime p. For 229! that gives 2^224 × 3^111 × 5^55 × 7^36 × 11^21 × 13^18 × 17^13 × 19^12 × 23^9 × 29^7 × … (50 primes in all). The 55 trailing zeros come from pairing the 55 factors of 5 with factors of 2.

Shuffles where nothing stays put

A related count is the number of derangements of 229 items: orders in which no item ends up in its original place, as in a Secret Santa where nobody draws their own name. The count is the whole number nearest to 229! ÷ e, so about 36.8% of all 3.3732 × 10^442 orders are derangements. From about four items on, that share stays close to 1 ÷ e, roughly 37%, however many items there are.

Computing 229! yourself

In Excel or Google Sheets, type =FACT(229). Spreadsheets keep only 15 significant digits, so from 18! on the result is rounded, and FACT stops at 170!, the largest factorial that fits in a standard floating-point number. In Python, math.factorial(229) returns the exact integer with all 443 digits, because Python integers have no size limit. The gamma function extends factorials to fractions: Γ(n + 1) = n!, so (1/2)! = √π ÷ 2 ≈ 0.8862.

Why is 0! equal to 1?

There is exactly one way to arrange nothing, and the rule n! = n × (n − 1)! only works for n = 1 if 0! = 1. Defining it this way keeps formulas for combinations and series correct at the edges.